Bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha com técnica de múltiplos cateteres para esofagectomia aberta: relato de caso

Background and objective

Erector spinae plane block is a valid technique to provide simultaneously analgesia for combined thoracic and abdominal surgery.

Building an International Community of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists: An interview with Dr Edward Sumner

Dr Edward Sumner (1940) enjoyed a remarkably productive career as consultant pediatric anesthetist at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. His leadership in clinical care helped his department rise to eminence. He trained hundreds of registrars in pediatric anesthesia and educated thousands more through invited lectures and by co‐editing leading textbooks of neonatal and pediatric anesthesia. During his long tenure as Editor‐in‐Chief of Pediatric Anesthesia, he led the growth of the young journal to prominence. Based on an interview and a long‐standing professional and personal friendship of forty‐four years, this article reviews Ted Sumner's outstanding contributions to the specialty of pediatric anesthesia and to the development of a strong international community of pediatric anesthesiologists.     

全麻诱导期肺顺应性变化率与肌松药起效时间的相关性分析

目的探讨全身麻醉诱导期正压通气至肌松起效时,肺顺应性及其变化率与肌松药起效时间的相关性。方法选择全麻下择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者35例,年龄18～50岁,体重45～80 kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,Mallampati 1—2级。麻醉诱导自主呼吸消失后行面罩压力控制通气,通气压力为15 cmH_2O,每12秒记录肺顺应性,以第一次正压通气的肺顺应性为基础值。同时给予顺式阿曲库铵,肌松监测仪定标开始监测,间隔12 s直至T4/T1=0即肌松药起效,记录肌松起效时间和此时肺顺应性数值,计算肺顺应性变化率。结果给予肌松药即刻肺顺应性为(23.1±2.5)ml/cmH_2O,当T4/T1=0时,肺顺应性为(44.6±8.7)ml/cmH_2O。平均肌松起效时间为(87.1±7.3)s,肺顺应性变化率与肌松药起效时间呈负相关(r=-0.68,P=0.013)。结论全麻诱导时肺顺应性变化率与肌松药起效时间负相关,观察肺顺应性的变化有助于更准确地判断气管插管时机。     

Obstetric anesthesia management of the patient with cardiac disease

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of maternal mortality in much of the developed world. Risk stratification models can predict which patients are at greatest risk for maternal or fetal morbidity or mortality. Particular cardiac diseases hold significant risk of mortality during pregnancy including pulmonary hypertension, aortic aneurysm, left-ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and severe cardiomyopathy. High-risk patients should deliver at high-resource hospitals under the care of experts in cardiology, obstetrics, perinatology, neonatology and anesthesiology. The obstetric anesthesiologist should formulate delivery plans for cardiac monitoring, labor analgesia, cesarean anesthesia, postpartum monitoring, as well as plans for obstetric or cardiac emergencies. Carefully co-ordinated multidisciplinary care of pregnant women with cardiac disease can result in successful outcomes.     

Vaginal breech delivery at term and neonatal morbidity and mortality – a population-based cohort study in Sweden

Introduction: The routine to deliver almost all term breech cases by elective cesarean section (CS) has continued to be debated due to the risk of maternal and neonatal complications. The aims of the study were (1) to investigate if mode of delivery impacts on the risk of morbidity and mortality among term infants in breech presentation and (2) to compare the rates of severe neonatal complications and mortality in relation to presentation and mode of delivery.

Methods: This population-based cohort study used data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. All women (and their newborn infants) with singleton pregnancies who gave birth at term to an infant in breech (n?=?27,357) or cephalic presentation (n?=?837,494) between 2001 and 2012 were included. Births with vacuum extraction and induced labors were excluded, as well as antepartum stillbirths, births with infants diagnosed with congenital malformations and multiple births.

Results: On one hand, the rates of neonatal complications and mortality were higher among infants born in vaginal breech compared to the vaginal cephalic group. On the other hand, after CS, the rates of all neonatal complications under study and neonatal mortality were lower among infants in breech presentation than in those in cephalic presentation. After adjustment for confounders, infants delivered in vaginal breech had 23.8 times higher odds AOR (ratio) for brachial plexus injury, 13.3 times higher odds ratio for Apgar score <7 at 5?min, 6.7 times higher odds of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), or convulsions and 7.6 higher odds ratio for perinatal mortality than those delivered by elective CS.

Conclusions: Despite a probable selection of women who before-hand were considered at low risk and, therefore, could be recommended vaginal breech delivery, infants delivered in vaginal breech faced substantially increased risks of severe neonatal complications compared with infants in breech presentations delivered by elective CS.

• Key message

• Vaginal breech delivery is associated with increased risk for severe neonatal complications.

     

颈内静脉内径呼吸变异度和血流速度在椎管内麻醉后容量预测中的价值

目的探究超声测量颈内静脉内径呼吸变异度和血流速度在椎管内麻醉后血容量判断中的价值。方法选择我院2017年2月至2019年2月择期手术的椎管内麻醉患者120例,男64例,女56例,年龄为34～66岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。记录麻醉前、麻醉后5、15、25 min左侧颈内静脉最大直径(Dmax)、最小直径(Dmin)、内径呼吸变异度(RVI)、中心静脉压(CVP)、血流速度最大值(BVmax)、血流速度最小值(BVmin)和血流速度变异度(BVI),取CVP=6 mmHg作为预测值,并通过绘制ROC曲线来评估Dmax、Dmin、RVI、BVmax、BVmin和BVI的预测效能。结果与麻醉前比较,麻醉后5 min时Dmax、Dmin和BVI明显降低(P0.05),RVI明显升高(P0.05);与麻醉后5和15 min比较,麻醉后25 min,Dmax、Dmin和BVI明显升高(P0.05),RVI明显降低(P0.05)。麻醉前BVmin的AUC值最大为0.958,临界值6.86,敏感性82.6%,特异性95.2%;麻醉后5 min,Dmin的AUC值最大为0.944,临界值0.74,敏感性98.4%,特异性84.3%;麻醉后15 min,Dmin和BVmax的AUC值最大分别为0.949和0.945,临界值分别为0.72和7.99,敏感性分别为96.5%和89.8%,特异性分别为82.4%和82.1%;麻醉后25 min,BVmax的AUC值最大为0.981,临界值8.98,敏感性92.0%,特异性90.5%。结论超声测量患者颈内静脉的内径变异度和血流速度可作为预测椎管内麻醉后血容量的方式。     

预注右旋美托咪啶用于喉显微手术麻醉的研究

目的研究分析预注右旋美托咪啶用于喉显微手术麻醉中的临床效果。方法选取2017年12月—2018年12月本院收治的80例行喉显微手术治疗的患者为观察对象,并将其随机分为普通组与观察组,每组各40例,普通组中患者行常规诱导麻醉,观察组中患者行预注右旋美托咪啶诱导麻醉,比较两组麻醉应用效果。结果在T1、T4、T5时段,观察组患者HR、MAP水平均低于普通组,其血流动力学稳定,且不良反应发生率相比普通组降低,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对行喉显微手术患者在应用预注右旋美托咪啶麻醉,能改善患者血流动力学指标水平,减少患者不良反应。     

经皮穴位电刺激联合颈丛神经阻滞麻醉在甲状腺手术中的应用研究

目的:观察经皮电刺激合谷、内关穴联合颈丛神经阻滞麻醉在甲状腺手术中的应用效果。方法:将68例行甲状腺手术的患者随机分为观察组和对照组各34例,对照组采用颈丛神经阻滞麻醉,观察组采用经皮电刺激合谷、内关穴联合颈丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉前后平均动脉压和血氧饱和度,以及两组术后麻醉效果、疼痛数字量表(NRS)评分和不良反应情况。结果:两组麻醉后各时点平均动脉压较麻醉前均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组手术全程血压变化幅度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组麻醉前后血氧饱和度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组麻醉后血氧饱和度低于麻醉前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者全部麻醉成功,但对照组Ⅲ级麻醉患者比例高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。观察组术后1 h、4 h、12 h的NRS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。结论:在甲状腺手术中采用经皮穴位电刺激联合颈丛神经阻滞麻醉,具有麻醉效果好、循环干扰小、并发症少等优点。